Brazil in Military Politics Rule

"A significant contribution to the literature on post-transition civil-military relations. Hunter convincingly challenges the conventional wisdom that military tutelage in new democracies will necessarily continue or get worse". J. Samuel Fitch, University of Colorado How civilian politicians successfully challenged the military's political power in Brazil's transition to democracy Wendy Hunter explores civil-military relations in Brazil following the transition to civilian leadership in 1985. She documents a marked, and surprising, decline in the political power of the armed forces, even as they have remained involved in national policy making. To account for the success of civilian politicians, Hunter invokes rational-choice theory in arguing that politicians will contest even powerful forces in order to gain widespread electoral support. Many observers expected Brazil's fledgling democracy to remain under the firm direction of the military, which had tightly controlled the transition from authoritarian to civilian rule. Hunter carefully refutes this conventional wisdom by demonstrating the ability of even a weak democratic regime to expand its autonomy relative to a once-powerful military, thanks to the electoral incentives that motivate civilian politicians. Based on interviews with key participants and on extensive archival research, Hunter's analysis of developments in Brazil suggests a more optimistic view of the future of civilian democratic rule in Latin America.

From 1964 to 1985 Brazil was governed by a military dictatorship unlike its predecessors but soon to become the model for other authoritarian regimes in South America. It attracted civilian technocrats and foreign investors to engineer an "economic miracle", and to consolidate its economic model it initiated sweeping political change that was intended to rid Brazilian society of radical social movements and the state and political system of traditional politics and elites. This study demonstrates that military aims notwithstanding, a traditional political elite has persisted in Brazil through two regime changes - one to and one from authoritarian rule. During the dictatorship, traditional politicians retained considerable power in the state governments, which were their traditional redoubts. In particular, they continued to occupy high-level appointed offices that permitted them to retain control of patronage, their most important political resource. Since the transition to democracy, as prominent Brazilian intellectuals have charged, genuine political debate has fallen victim to a restoration of oligarchical power and clientelistic practices typical of traditional Brazilian politics. This study argues that the military project was severely constrained by the pattern of mediation between state and society that it inherited, the expansion of the state's productive, regulatory, and distributive roles that underlay its model for economic stabilization and development, and the need to marshal political support for the largely symbolic elections that it permitted as part of its strategy for governing. State-led capitalist development led to an expansion of clientelism in that it enhancedboth the state's resource base and the number of clients dependent on state programs, at the same time that more competitive elections made the resort to clientelism, and the traditional politicians who could marshal votes on this basis, more compelling.

Brazilian Military Junta - A Military Joint or Junta Militar ruled Brazil from August 31 to October 30, 1969, between the sudden illness of the President Artur da Costa e Silva and the oath of EmÃlio GarrastazÃº MÃ©dici. At that time, Brazil was in the peak of a dictatorship, and civilians were not allowed to rule the country.

Politics of Turkey - Turkey is a secular, republican parliamentary democracy. Its current constitution was adopted on November 7, 1982 after a period of military rule, and enshrines the principle of secularism.

Politics of Brazil - Brazil is a federal republic with 26 states and a federal district

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Brazil Model - Brazil Model Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil by Frances Hagopian, From 1964 to 1985 Brazil was governed by a military dictatorship unlike its predecessors but soon to become the model for other authoritarian regimes in South America. It attracted civilian technocrats brazil model and foreign investors to engineer an "economic miracle", brazil model and to consolidate its economic model it initiated sweeping political change that was intended to rid Brazilian society of radical social movements brazil model and the ...

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